| | nativist; Cynic; eclectic, eclecticist; empiricist; epistemologist; esthetician, aesthetician; ethicist, ethician; existentialist; gymnosophist; libertarian; mechanist; moralist; naturalist; necessitarian; pluralist; realist; Scholastic; Sophist; Stoic; transcendentalist; yogi; Abelard, Peter Abelard, Pierre Abelard; Anaxagoras; Anaximander; Anaximenes; Arendt, Hannah Arendt; Aristotle; Averroes, ibn-Roshd, Abul-Walid Mohammed ibn-Ahmad Ibn-Mohammed ibn-Roshd; Avicenna, ibn-Sina, Abu Ali al-Husain ibn Abdallah ibn Sina; Bacon, Francis Bacon, Sir Francis Bacon, Baron Verulam, 1st Baron Verulam, Viscount St. Albans; Bentham, Jeremy Bentham; Bergson, Henri Bergson, Henri Louis Bergson; Berkeley, Bishop Berkeley, George Berkeley; Boethius, Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius; Bruno, Giordano Bruno; Buber, Martin Buber; Cassirer, Ernst Cassirer; Cleanthes; Comte, Auguste Comte, Isidore Auguste Marie Francois Comte; Confucius, Kung futzu; Democritus; Derrida, Jacques Derrida; Descartes, Rene Descartes; Dewey, John Dewey; Diderot, Denis Diderot; Diogenes; Empedocles; Epictetus; Epicurus; Haeckel, Ernst Heinrich Haeckel; Hartley, David Hartley; Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel; Heidegger, Martin Heidegger; Heraclitus; Herbart, Johann Friedrich Herbart; Herder, Johann Gottfried von Herder; Hobbes, Thomas Hobbes; Hume, David Hume; Husserl, Edmund Husserl; Hypatia; James, William James; Kant, Immanuel Kant; Kierkegaard, Soren Kierkegaard, Soren Aabye Kierkegaard; Lao-tzu, Lao-tse, Lao-zi; Leibniz, Leibnitz, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnitz; Locke, John Locke; Lucretius, Titus Lucretius Carus; Lully, Raymond Lully, Ramon Lully; Mach, Ernst Mach; Machiavelli, Niccolo Machiavelli; Maimonides, Moses Maimonides, Rabbi Moses Ben Maimon; Malebranche, Nicolas de Malebranche; Marcuse, Herbert Marcuse; Marx, Karl Marx; Mead, George Herbert Mead; Mill, John Mill, John Stuart Mill; Mill, James Mill; Montesquieu, Baron de la Brede et de Montesquieu, Charles Louis de Secondat; Moore, G. E. Moore, George Edward Moore; Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche; Occam, William of Occam, Ockham, William of Ockham; Origen; Ortega y Gasset, Jose Ortega y Gasset; Parmenides; Pascal, Blaise Pascal; Peirce, Charles Peirce, Charles Franklin Peirce; Perry, Ralph Barton Perry; Plato; Plotinus; Pythagoras; Quine, W. V. Quine, Willard Van Orman Quine; Radhakrishnan, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, Sir Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan; Reid, Thomas Reid; Rousseau, Jean-Jacques Rousseau; Russell, Bertrand Russell, Bertrand Arthur William Russell, Earl Russell; Schopenhauer, Arthur Schopenhauer; Schweitzer, Albert Schweitzer; Seneca, Lucius Annaeus Seneca; Socrates; Spencer, Herbert Spencer; Spengler, Oswald Spengler; Spinoza, de Spinoza, Baruch de Spinoza, Benedict de Spinoza; Stewart, Dugald Stewart; Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin; Thales, Thales of Miletus; Theophrastus; Weil, Simone Weil; Whitehead, Alfred North Whitehead; Williams, Sir Bernanrd Williams, Bernanrd Arthur Owen Williams; Wittgenstein, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Ludwig Josef Johan Wittgenstein; Xenophanes; Zeno, Zeno of Citium; Zeno, Zeno of Elea |